THE IMPACT OF TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOST COMMUNITY
A STUDY OF KABBA COMMUNITY
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of tertiary educational institution on the development of the host community: A study of Kabba Community. The research work has five chapters, which consists of the Introduction, Literature Review, Data Presentation and the Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations. Simple random sampling technique were employed in selecting the sample. 200 questionnaires were distributed, but only 195 were completed and returned. Data collected were summarized using percentage and frequency tables. The conceptual frame-work of this study was drawn from the inputs and outputs analysis of systems theory. The researcher used open system-theory for the study. The data analysis revealed that the presence of tertiary educational institution has both positive and negative impact, some of the negative impact are; the rescheduling of the community's cultural festival in consideration of the students and the college programme and there is also an increase in club house and beer parlor which constitute public nuisance and noise to the people. The researcher therefore recommended that for the host community to enjoy more positive impact of this tertiary education,there should be adequate provision of some basic amenities for the college and its host community. Hence, the host community and the institution should make dialogue their guiding principles to resolve all issues.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background to the Study    -    -    -    -
1.1Statement of the Problem    -    -    -    -
1.2 Objective of the study    -    -    -    -
1.3 Research questions    -    -    -    -    -
1.4 Significance of the study    -    -    
1.5 Scope of the study    -    -    -    -    
1.6 Limitation of the study    -    -    -    -    
1. 7 Operational definition    -    -    -    
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Poverty Profile and Challenges of Development among
Nigeria Communities    -    -    -    -    
2. 2 The Concept of Development    -
2. 3 History and Approaches to Community Concept
2.4 An Overview of the Role of Tertiary Education in the Development of Their Host Communities in Nigeria    -    -    -    
2. 5 Historical Development of University Education
in Nigeria    -    -    -    -    -    
2.6 History of Study Area    -    -
2. 7 Historical Background OfKogi State College Of Education (Technical), Kabba    -    -    -    
2. 8 Organizational Structure of the college    -    
2.9 Theoretical Framework    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design    -    -    -    -    -    
3.2 Population of the Study-    -    -    -
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique    -    -    -
3.4 Sources of Data Collection    -    -    
3.5 Method of Data Collection    -    -    -    
3.6Method of Administration of Instrument    -    -    -    
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION
4.1 Analysis of Data    -    -    -    
4.2 Discussion of Findings    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMUARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION
5.1 Summary    -    -    -    -    -    
5.2 Conclusion    -    -    -    -    -    -
5.3 Recommendation    -    -    -    -    -    
References     -    -    -    -    -    -    -
Appendix I    -    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background to the Study
Tertiary education is a community of scholars and student pursuing certain objectives along certain laid down structures, which determine the characteristics and values of its members.
According to Oxford Advance Dictionary, a tertiary education is an institution for the promotion and dissemination of advance learning, conferring degrees and engages in academic research. It also refers to members of such an institution collectively. A tertiary institution however, like other organization exists in an ever changing environment, interacting with other society forms of human endeavor, and drawing its model and means for its survival from such interactions.
Tertiary education can be a powerful engine for building a stronger society, ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. It can serve the community by contributing knowledge and advanced skills as well as a basic competencies and research through its so-called third mission (World Bank Group Research, 2000).
Expressed in economic terms, tertiary education is a consumer and a capital good respectively, Continuing on Universities, Edem (1987) sees it as a setting where teaching and research in the arts and sciences are carried out at a higher level than in post primary schools and commonly involves the students in a good deal of work on his own. Tertiary institutions in Nigeria include Mono-technics, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education, Colleges of Technology, Schools of Nursing and Universities among others. These institutions are owned by Federal government, State governments, or Non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
Education in general and tertiary education in particular, is fundamental to the development of knowledge of the economic activity and society in all nations. Colleges and Universities have claimed in quantitative and qualitative work that they provide economic benefits to their host communities.
Before Nigeria gained independence, Nigeria only had two higher institutions –the Yaba Higher College founded in 1934, presently known as the Yaba College of Technology and the College of the University of London founded in 1948 which is the present day University of Ibadan. These two institution, were not enough to serve the student population of over 500,000 on estimated National Population of over 2 million. (http:topscamyacademy.com).
  The contribution of higher education institutions to regional development is a theme which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Currently, it is expected  that the knowledge of the institutions not only conduct education and research, but also play an active role in the  development of their economic, social and cultural surroundings. Characteristic of the individual institutions, the various regions in which they are located and the national policy frameworks will obviously be of substantial significance. In spite of the fact that the regional contribution of higher education is on the policy agenda, it remains unclear how the institutions actually function and what their new responsibilities will entail. Nor is there consensus as to what standing collaboration with industry and community should have in their overall operation and which priorities are relevant. In this study, the researcher wants to take a closer look at how higher education contributes to regional development via host community.  By higher education i mean universities, university  colleges and other institutions which provide a  post-secondary education and which normally involve an element of research and development work. The terms university and higher education will partly be used synonymously, unless otherwise clarified.
    In view of the dynamic nature of the environment, this study will try to examine the impacts of tertiary educational institution on the host community with particular reference to Kogi State College of Education (Technical), Kabba.
1.1    Statement of the Problem
 Tertiary educational institutions in Kabba community may have some negative operational impacts on their host communities which demand some level of social responsiveness on their part as a way of cushioning some of these impacts. Some of these negative impacts include  the fact that these host communities may have to live with  increase in crime rates and cultism; compulsory acquisition of their land without adequate compensation  and increase in the cost of living due to higher demand  pull, indecent dressing, high rate of immoral acts among others. There are also the gradual, but sustained erosion of highly cherished community social values and culture and the continuous threat to community security amongst others. Regrettably, not much is known of the involvement of these institutions of the negative impact they have on the development of their host community.
 It is an agreeable fact that higher education institutions contribute to the development of a global civil society and assist local communities in having a democratic voice in the process of globalization. Perspectives of the role of higher education in ‘regional development’ vary often depending on the way a ‘region’ is defined. In Australia, for example, Garlick (2005) discusses three types of relationships between higher education institutions and their impact on the region. A structuralist perspective refers to situations in which higher education institutions are seen as economic boosters in rural areas, while a spatial perspective is associated with equity measures such as student placement, usually based on distance from metropolitan centres. A ‘third stream’ perspective is based on recognition of the significance of a region to the higher education institutions that are located there (Garlick, 2005). Thus, higher education institutions have always had an impact on their ‘region’ aside producing trained and educated manpower, university research and innovations are often seen as engines of growth and regional development. Communities hosting a higher institution will therefore, have to prepare to allow innovations and development which cannot but compromise some social, environmental and cultural interests of the people. Such is the case of Kabba Community that house Kogi State College of Education, (Technical) Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria. For instance, Kabba Community has cultural practices such as Oro festival and community rituals but the establishment of tertiary institution has made the elders of Kabba Community to be scheduling the cultural festivals and rituals with consideration to students and College programmes.
The main problem of this study is that the establishment of tertiary educational institution has not produced the expected impacts. The following are also subject or questions that the researcher sought to find out
1. What difference has the absence of tertiary institution mean to the development of the host community?
2. To find out the negative impact of the establishment of tertiary institution on the development of the host community.
3. What is the motive behind the establishment of kogi state College of education (Technical) in Kabba?
1.2 Objective of the study
The main objective of the study is to examine the motive, aims and objectives behind the establishment of Kogi State College of Education (Technical), Kabba in 2010 by Alhaji Ibrahim Idris's administration. The specific objectives of this study include the following:

1. To explain organizational structure of the tertiary institution as compared to what is existing in other tertiary institutions across the country.
2. To identify the major problems confronting the institution, and its negative impact on the development of the host community and  
3. To proffer solution to its identified problems through valid recommendations.
1.3 Research questions
The research questions which are intended to guide this research work are as follows:
1. Does Kogi State College of Education (Technical) or tertiary institution have an equal standard in all ramifications as compared to what is obtainable in other tertiary institutions across the country?
2. Does the institution have a negative impact on the development of the host community?
3. What are the solution to the identified problems?
1.4 Significance of the study
The essence of this study, is to know more about the impact of tertiary educational institution on the development of the host community
As earlier stated tertiary institution is traditionally a community of scholars and students pursuing certain goals and objectives along certain laid down structures and procedures. This study when completed will help in evaluating the perceived impact of institution on the development of the host community. This study will not only be of immense benefits to the institution or the tertiary community on which the study is carried out but also to students that wants to carry out research on the same topic.
1.5 Scope of the study
In a bid to making comprehensive study of this research, the researcher wish to state the area which the Study will cover.
    The study covers an overview of the contributions of the host community to the development of Kogi state. The study period would be from June, 2016 to October, 2016, a period of 3 months.
1.6 Limitation of the study
In the study of this Nature, there is bound to be some limitations and this study is not an exception. This research work is constrained by:
Time constraints
The main limitation for this research rest on the time factor which constitute one of the greatest problem of this study, given the limited time frame to complete the study. As a result, the researcher was unable to source for enough information from the study unit. This will greatly affect the validity of the research work, in term of adequate data collection. To make up for the lapse, the researcher used the holiday period to source for more information from the study unit.
1. 7 Operational definition
Development: This means a total transformation both physically, mentally, socially and economically from crude way to a modern way or system.
Tertiary: This can be defined as, the educational level which has gone beyond the level of secondary and presently in the third or more levels. It is also a place where students study for degree award and where academic research are carried out.
Academic: This simply means the various work and studies done in the schools colleges and Universities.
Geographical: This refers to a particular location or area living various physical features arrange within it. It can also be defined as a place in an area country etc where something or someone is.
Community: A group of people who have the same interests such as religion, culture and tradition etc who live in the same area, town etc.
Poor condition/state: Having insufficient wealth to meet the necessities or comforts of life or to live in a manner considered acceptable in a society. It can also be defined as the circumstances affecting the way in which people live, especially with regard to their well-being.